In 2012, Australian and US intelligence agencies concluded that a hack on Australia's telecom networks was conducted by or through Huawei, although the two network operators have disputed that information. Experts say that China's 2014 Counter-Espionage Law and 2017 National Intelligence Law can compel Huawei and other companies to cooperate with state intelligence. Huawei has argued that critics such as the US government have not shown evidence of espionage. The company has faced difficulties in some countries arising from concerns that its equipment may enable surveillance by the Chinese government due to perceived connections with the country's military and intelligence agencies. Its software and equipment have been linked to the mass surveillance of Uyghurs and Xinjiang internment camps, drawing sanctions from the US. Questions regarding the extent of state influence on Huawei have revolved around its national champions role in China, subsidies and financing support from state entities, and reactions of the Chinese government in light of oppositions in certain countries to Huawei's participation in 5G. Amidst its rise, Huawei has been accused of intellectual property infringement, for which it has settled with companies like Cisco. Huawei surpassed Apple and Samsung, in 20, respectively, to become the largest smartphone manufacturer worldwide. It overtook Ericsson in 2012 as the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world. Initially focused on manufacturing phone switches, Huawei has expanded to more than 170 countries to include building telecommunications networks, providing operational and consulting services and equipment, and manufacturing communications devices for the consumer market. The corporation was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former officer in the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It designs, develops, manufactures and sells telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, smart devices and various rooftop solar products. ( / ˈ hw ɑː w eɪ/ HWAH-way Chinese: 华为 pinyin: Huáwéi ⓘ) is a Chinese multinational technology corporation headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Waa4 wai4 gei6 seot6 jau5 haan6 gung1 si1 "Splendid Achievement" or "Chinese Achievement" "Huawei" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
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